Human Rights Treaty Bodies

Abstract

This research examines the interplay between universality and particularism in human rights implementation, focusing on how global standards interact with local contexts. Universality represents universally applicable principles, particularly those based on international frameworks such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), while particularism emphasizes interpretations influenced by cultural, historical, and social values. Using a qualitative method involving literature review and case study analysis, this research highlights Indonesia's approach in integrating universal human rights with local traditions. For example, the balance between individual religious freedom and collective harmony reflects a synthesis between global standards and local norms. The research findings reveal that human rights treaty bodies play an important role in monitoring compliance with international conventions through mechanisms such as periodic reporting, public comments, and investigations. However, resistance to universal principles, especially in issues such as gender equality and freedom of expression, emphasizes the need for flexible approaches to bridge global norms and cultural values. This discussion emphasizes that encouraging constructive dialogue and adopting adaptive strategies are crucial to achieving inclusive and sustainable human rights practices. This research provides valuable insights for policymakers and the international community in developing frameworks that balance global human rights standards with cultural diversity, ensuring equitable and effective implementation worldwide.